Computers are now part of our lives. We need to know it and master it. Contrary to what most people think, learning Computing is very easy. That's what you'll find out here. In very few classes you will learn to use your computer consciously, correctly, productively and safely.
BASIC COMPUTER - for those who don't know anything about computing!
![[Translate to English:] Aluna de curso de Informática Básica.](/public/fileadmin/_processed_/c/8/csm_news1_ae0453aef4.jpg)
COMPUTER - Comparing with the car
There are cars of different models, brands and sizes.
The vast majority of people know how to drive cars. And even if he learned to drive in a specific model, he drives most others and they feel offended when we question this ability.
Well, computers are like cars. As with cars, something or other changes places, that's all.
Using analogy, that is, comparison, we will teach anyone with little or no computing experience to use a computer regularly.
![[Translate to English:] Um PC, um tablet e um celular Exemplos de HARDWARE.](/public/fileadmin/user_upload/Computer-Tablet-and-Phone-Vectors---1.0.0.svg "[Translate to English:] Um PC, um tablet e um celular Exemplos de HARDWARE.")
![[Translate to English:] Sistemas operacionais Android, Linux, Mac e Windows, respectivamente. Exemplos de SOFTWARE.](/public/fileadmin/user_upload/sistemas_operacionais.svg "[Translate to English:] Sistemas operacionais Android, Linux, Mac e Windows, respectivamente. Exemplos de SOFTWARE.")
COMPUTER - Concept
It is a set of electronic components (machine) capable of different types of automatic treatment of information (data processing). A computer can have numerous attributes, including data storage, data processing, large-scale calculation, industrial design, graphic image processing, virtual reality, entertainment and culture. (Wikipedia)
The computer is made up of 2 parts:
HARDWARE e SOFTWARE .
HARDWARE The entire physical part of the computer and everything that physically connects to it is hardware. Examples of hardware: cabinet, monitor, notebook, cell phone, mouse, keyboard, camera, printer, etc.
SOFTWARE is the logical part of the computer. The entire logical part of the computer and everything that connects to it logically is software. These are the programs and applications that we install on them. Software examples: Windows, Linux, Android, Word, Photoshop, Writer, Inkscape, Chrome, Firefox.
COMPUTER PARTS - Comparing with the car
The car and the driver. The computer and the software.
SOFTWARE is to HARDWARE what DRIVER is to CAR.
OPERATING SYSTEM - Comparing with the car
The car is very useful to man. It needs fuel. Need a driver.
The computer is also useful. Need electrical power, Need an OPERATING SYSTEM.
A driver without a car... an OS without a computer
A driver with a car... an OPERATING SYSTEM installed on a computer.
OPERATING SYSTEM - Concept
It is a program or a set of programs whose function is to manage system resources (define which program receives attention from the processor, manage memory, create a file system, etc.), providing an interface between the computer and the user. (Wikipedia)
Another purchase: languages.
Brazilians speak Portuguese,
The American speaks English,
The TRANSLATOR translates Portuguese into English and English into Portuguese. Thus, the TRANSLATOR facilitates communication between Portuguese and English and vice versa.
HARDWARE "speaks" machine language
OPERATING SYSTEM "speaks" machine language
THE OPERATING SYSTEM "speaks" the human language
MAN "speaks" human language.
THE OPERATING SYSTEM TRANSLATES machine language to human language and human language to machine language.
Thanks to this translation, the computer (HARDWARE + SOFTWARE) and the man communicate.
The operating system is the SOFTWARE THAT MAKES THE COMPUTER WORK. It prepares the computer for human use. WITHOUT THE OPERATING SYSTEM THE COMPUTER DOES NOT WORK.
Comparing to a house.
Imagine a house ready to be inhabited, lacking only the furniture and the inhabitant.
Well, that house is your computer, the furniture is the programs and the resident is you.
Examples of OS: Android OS, Linux OS, Windows OS.
SOFTWARE is the logical part of the computer. The entire logical part of the computer and everything that connects to it logically is software. These are the programs and applications that we install on them.
To make the computer work we need a software called the OPERATING SYSTEM
To work on the computer we need specific PROGRAMS for each job.
Software examples: Windows, Linux, Android, Word, Photoshop, Writer, Inkscape, Chrome, Firefox.
SOFTWARE - Comparing with the car...
A driver without a car... a software without a computer
A driver with a car... software installed on a computer.
PROGRAMS - Comparing with a house.
After the house is ready (the OS installed) we go to the furniture.
Computer furniture is the PROGRAMS that we install on top of the operating system.
Each one furnishes his house to taste.
As at home, on the computer you can install your favorite programs.
PROGRAM - Concept
It is a set of instructions that describe a task to be performed by a computer. The term can be a reference to the source code, written in some programming language, or to the file that contains the executable form of this source code...
Computer programs used directly by ordinary people, such as text editors, are called application or application software. Programs designed to provide functional support for computers, such as operating systems, are called system software. These software, as well as those embedded in other systems (firmware), can be generically called "programs". (Wikipedia)
After we install the OPERATING SYSTEM on the computer, we install the PROGRAMS on top of it!
The OPERATING SYSTEM already comes with some tools, but very limited.
THE PROGRAMS WE INSTALL ON THE OPERATING SYSTEM MAKE THE COMPUTER MORE USEFUL AND PRODUCTIVE.
Examples of Programs: Word Text Editor, CorelDraw Drawing Editor, Writer Text Editor, Inkscape Drawing Editor, Photoshop Image Editor, Gimp Image Editor, Chrome Browser, Firefox Browser.
How to make a cake using the ingredients and how to prepare.
Using a computer file called a raw cd image.
You will need an internet connection to (download) download this file.to your computer;
(I don't recommend cell phone connections because the file is large and will probably consume your entire bandwidth!)
First download DELINUX by clicking on this link: download Delinux 32bits;
It will take a few minutes depending on the speed of your internet connection.
We will need a tool to transfer the DELINUX operating system, which you are downloading on your computer to the USB stick.
We will need a flash drive or memory card with at least 8GB of storage capacity.
Remember that all content on the USB stick or memory card will be erased!
To transfer the file containing DELINUX to your USB stick, we will use the RUFUS tool, which you will download from this link. Rufus.
As we said in the first part of this course, the OPERATING SYSTEM is responsible for making the COMPUTER work.
We also talk about the importance of a good OPERATING SYSTEM.
STORAGE MEDIA - Comparing with kitchen
There are solid and liquid foods.
In the kitchen, food is stored in appropriate spills.
On the computer too. Only on the computer, we store INFORMATION.
The places where we store information we call storage media.
Examples of storage media: hard disk, cd, dvd, flash drive, memory card, etc.
On the computer, the OPERATING SYSTEM is usually stored on the HARD DISK.
MEMORY also stores information, but when we turn off the computer it forgets everything that was stored in it.
The DELINUX OPERATING SYSTEM can also be installed on a USB stick, memory card, DVD, in addition to the HARD DISK.
Once you have a copy of DELINUX installed on a flash drive, memory card or DVD, you can take it with you and USE IT WITHOUT INSTALLING ON ANY COMPUTER WITHOUT INSTALLING AND ALSO IF YOU WANT TO INSTALL ON HOW MANY COMPUTERS YOU WANT.
In this second part of the course, this is what we will teach you to do in a very easy way.
INITIALIZING THE COMPUTER - Comparing with the car.
When we start the car, if, for example, there is no fuel, the battery is discharged, and many other situations, can interfere with the operation.
When the computer is turned on, the initialization is done by a SOFTWARE that interacts with the HARDWARE and if there is something wrong, it informs the user, if it does not initialize the computer normally.
This SOFTWARE that does this verification is the BIOS (Basic Input output sistem)
COMPUTER PARTS
Motherboard, video card, sound card, RAM memory, hard disk.
The motherboard is inside the CABINET and these parts above are interconnected to it.
The BIOS has the function of verifying that everything is working on the motherboard. If everything is working as expected, it moves on to the second stage: Loading a small part of the OPERATING SYSTEM into RAM. The OPERATING SYSTEM must be properly installed on the hard drive.
From there, who takes control of the COMPUTER is the operating system, which prepares the computer to be used by the user.
SOFTWARE SUITES
When we think of a suite, we immediately think of a complete room, with everything you're entitled to.
Well then. Software suites are packages of programs specific to certain segments of work.
There are office suites, graphics suites, etc.
The most well-known suite is Microsoft Office
It is an office suite that contains the programs:
Text editor - Word
Spreadsheet Editor - Excel
Presentation Editor - Powerpoint
Database Editor - Access
SO FROM HERE LEARN TO SPEAK THE NAME OF THE TOOL AND NOT THE MANUFACTURER: For example razor blade and not razor blade.
There are several other office suites, which you may have never heard of, but which do the same thing as the suite above. Some even have more features.
There are scissors from the Mundial brand, from the Tramontina brand and from many others. They all cut the same.
There are pencils from several brands and they all have the same function and use graphite in the same way.
So there are also cars of different brands and each one has its favorite.
LINUX OR WINDOWS - Comparing with the car
Some quirks define global preferences for a particular car.
For example, economy, autonomy, recovery, comfort, operating cost, resources, accessories.
A computer is evaluated by its processing power, amount of memory, storage capacity, quality of hardware.
For a bad driver, even if the car is very good, it may not be able to exploit all the features of the car and perform poorly as a driver. It's not the car's fault, it's the driver's.
An OPERATING SYSTEM needs to interact well with HARDWARE and the PROGRAMS installed on it. Be fast, secure, easy to use, feature-rich, affordable, provide a satisfying online experience, and have an easy, user-friendly interface.
Just like cars, there are countless models and combinations of HARDWARE in computers and an operating system needs to "know" how to handle it.
In Brazil, WINDOWS, MICROSOFT's operating system, is the best known and most installed. This is due to the way the software as a whole has propagated since the 1990s.
From the 2000s onwards, Linux fever arrived in the country, publicized on magazine covers and on the internet. Then with Conextiva, Gabriel Torres and finally Ubuntu.
The lack of anti-piracy laws also influenced this tendency for technicians to learn only Windows and install only Windows. This happened NOT BY CHOICE, BECAUSE WE CANNOT EVALUATE WHAT WE DON'T KNOW! Thus, due to ignorance and fear of being unknown by some technicians (most), the end user was deprived of knowing Linux and another very important range of free software.
WINDOWS is a robust, proprietary software (which needs a license to use) with many years down the road.
Unfortunately, the culture of piracy disseminated in Brazil, in addition to installing pirated software on computers, still validate these installations with hacker solutions, putting in check the security of the installations of the WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM that they install.
LINUX is robust software, newer than Windows, but free, robust and very secure, used all over the world on servers and desktops. There are paid linux solutions as well but this is not the case here. The DELINUX operating system is associated with the OPEN INVENTION NETWORK, a global free software protection giant. It means that it, and all the programs contained in it, will always be free.
Now that we know what an operating system is, let's cite three examples:
For your desktop computer and your notebook you can choose between Linux and Windows.
For your cell phone currently only Android, which has already been installed on it.
THE HARDWARE you have to buy.
The SOFTWARE you can choose between buying WINDOWS or using free software, such as downloading DELINUX.
I DO NOT RECOMMEND USING PIRATE SOFTWARE BECAUSE IN ADDITION TO STEALING, YOU STILL PUT YOUR SECURITY AT RISK.
Now, let's teach you how to install and use DELINUX. Any Windows technician installs for you.